The problem of unemployment is the most serious problem in India today. There is unemployment in cities, towns and even in the villages. Unemployment can be defined as a state of ‘worklessness’ for a man fit and willing to work. They are willing to work but they cannot find any work. It is a condition of involuntary and not voluntary idleness. Some features of unemployment have been identified as follows:
(1) The incidence of unemployment is much higher in urban areas than in rural areas.
(2) Unemployment rates for women are higher than those of men.
(3) The incidence of unemployment among the educated classes is much higher than the overall unemployment percentages.
(4) There is greater unemployment in the agricultural sector than in industrial and other sectors.
Points 2 and 4 are directly related to rural unemployment. Rural unemployment is one of the burning problems that India faces. Its severity has increased in the period following the new economic reforms.
The remedial measures for reducing unemployment lay greater emphasis on the creation of opportunities for self employment, augmentation of productivity and the income levels of the ‘working poor’, and a shift in emphasis from the creation of ‘relief work’ employment to building durable productive assets in rural areas.
Deendayal Research Institute, Chitrakoot carried out an intensive study on unemployment problems and their solutions in the 500 villages under the Self-Reliance campaign started on 26th January 2002. There are many causes of unemployment that have been identified during the intensive village surveys, conducted in 2002-03, and designed interventions to resolve these issues.
